Matter, Physical and Chemical Change (Isabelle)

Isabelle Cheng

September 27, 2010

Block 2-2 Chemistry 11 

Ms.Chen

Matter

• anything that has mass, volume, and takes up space
• has length, width, and height
• can change from one state to another
• is conserved
• includes atoms and other particles
• includes physical and chemical change
• example: everything around you

Matter

(Lines are for separation of categories)

                           

ELEMENTS:

• can move from one phase to another
• pure substance that can’t be broken down into 
• smaller substances 
• simplest kind of matter
• also called chemical element
• building blocks of matter
• example: elements on the periodic table

COMPOUNDS:

• combination of two or more elements joined together
• made up of two or more types of elements
• can’t be broken down into two or more simpler substances 
• elements form compound to make it stable
• pure substances
• example: water, carbon dioxide

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MIXTURES:

• substance created by combining two or more different materials
• combining two or more different substances so there is no chemical reaction 
• can be separated and go back to original forms
• mostly natural substances
• can be separated into pure compounds or elements
• example: salad, salt water

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HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES:

• same uniform appearance and composition
• referred to solutions
• only composed of one phase 
• is not very visible
• example: salt water, soapy water

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES:

• mixture of two or more different substances in form of solution
• composed of mixed phases
• consists of visible different substances or phases
• no definite composition
• inconsistent
• can be seen by just looking at it
• can be seperated
• three phases are solid, liquid, and gas
• example: sandy water, sugar and salt mixed in a bowl

States of Matter

• SOLID: - rigid
• particles are touching with very little space between them
• has definite volume and shape
• mostly hard material because particles and closely packed together
• can hold their shape
• Can be made of many different materials
• Example: Rocks, crystals

• LIQUID: - partially rigid
• - particles are touching slightly with space between them
• hard to compress
• has definite volume
• particles are able to move around
• Example: Water, blood

• GAS: - not rigid
• major spaces between particles 
• not compacted 
• no definite volume or shape
• really spread apart and bounce around constantly
• can fill an entire container not depending on size or shape
• can hold huge amounts of energy and particles

Physical and Chemical Change

PHYSICAL CHANGE:

• Uniform
• Change that affects size, shape, odor, volume, mass, weight, or color of a substance
• Change the state of matter
• Can happen by increasing or decreasing of temperature
• No new substance is formed 
• Matter changing in appearance without forming new substances
• Reversible
• Easily reversed to get original material back 
• Example: Melting ice can freeze back into ice again

CHEMICAL CHANGE:

• Not uniform
• New substances are formed
• Changes - color, odor, solubility, phase
• One or more new substances are made/created
• New substance/material is different from the original
• Change that makes a new kind of matter with different properties
• Not reversible
• Example: Burned wood can not return back to the original piece of wood, raw eggs that became cooked can not be uncooked

Websites:

• http://kayexvi26.blog.friendster.com/2009/04/ -  picture for solid
• http://www.goalfinder.com/product.asp?productid=71 - picture for liquid
• http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-i/matter/matter-states.php - picture for gas
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZobSZq6WUcM  - video of Physical and Chemical Change